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        <h2 id="一、安装"><a href="#一、安装" class="headerlink" title="一、安装"></a>一、安装</h2><p> yum install -y epel-release</p>
<p> yum install -y ansible</p>
<p> ansible配置文件：</p>
<pre><code>/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
/etc/ansible/hosts
</code></pre>
<p> 生成秘钥：</p>
<pre><code>ssh-keygen -t rsa  #在/root/.ssh/目录下生成秘钥
#被控端：(复制主机端公钥到被控端)
ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.7.99 
ssh-copy-id  被控端ip
</code></pre>
<h2 id="二、管理服务器：Inventory文件"><a href="#二、管理服务器：Inventory文件" class="headerlink" title="二、管理服务器：Inventory文件"></a>二、管理服务器：Inventory文件</h2><p>用于管理主机与主机组的文件 也叫主机清单<br>默认文件  /etc/ansible/hosts 最好不要用这  不然一不小心  没指定hosts 就执行这个了</p>
<p>文件示例</p>
<figure class="highlight plaintext"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[gs]</span><br><span class="line">gs157 ansible_ssh_host=1.11.1.11 ansible_ssh_port=65022</span><br><span class="line">[remote]</span><br><span class="line">kh251 ansible_ssh_host=2.22.222.2</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="三、基础命令"><a href="#三、基础命令" class="headerlink" title="三、基础命令"></a>三、基础命令</h2><h3 id="常用命令"><a href="#常用命令" class="headerlink" title="常用命令"></a>常用命令</h3><p>查看具体主机配置</p>
<pre><code>grep -v ^# /etc/ansible/hosts |grep -v ^$

ansible all --list-host     
</code></pre>
<h3 id="基础参数"><a href="#基础参数" class="headerlink" title="基础参数"></a>基础参数</h3><p>-m 指定模块【command copy shell】<br><font color="red">   忽略时，就默认是 -m command </font></p>
<pre><code>示例：  ansible -i ./hosts -a ifconfig  test
</code></pre>
<p>-a 模块中使用的参数</p>
<pre><code>示例：  ansible -i ./hosts -m shell -a &quot;free -mh&quot;  test
</code></pre>
<p>-i 指定hosts文件</p>
<pre><code>示例  ansible -i ./hosts -m ping test
</code></pre>
<h3 id="检查能否在受管主机上运行python模块"><a href="#检查能否在受管主机上运行python模块" class="headerlink" title="检查能否在受管主机上运行python模块"></a>检查能否在受管主机上运行python模块</h3><pre><code>ansible host-pattern -m module [-a &#39;module arguments&#39;] [-i inventory]
示例
    ansible gsweb -m ping
    
    ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts gsweb -m ping

   
</code></pre>
<h3 id="command模块"><a href="#command模块" class="headerlink" title="command模块"></a>command模块</h3><pre><code>执行shell命令
-m 不使用 默认使用command模块

ansible -m command -a &quot;frem -mh&quot; test   

ansible -m command -a &quot;frem -mh&quot; test     

ansible  -a &quot;frem -mh&quot; test 
</code></pre>
<h3 id="shell模块"><a href="#shell模块" class="headerlink" title="shell模块"></a>shell模块</h3><p> 与command模块有些相似,但是command 有些命令无法执行</p>
<p>  命令行示例</p>
<pre><code> ansible -m shell -a &quot;cat /etc/*release&quot; test
</code></pre>
<h3 id="copy模块"><a href="#copy模块" class="headerlink" title="copy模块"></a>copy模块</h3><p>   参数</p>
<pre><code>src：    待copy的文件或目录

dest：   目标copy到远程主机的具体目录（必要参数）

owner：  目标copy到远程主机后的属主（远程主机上必须有对应的用户，否则报错）

group：  目标copy到远程主机后的属组（远程主机上必须有对应的组，否则报错）

mode：   目标copy到远程主机后的权限

content： 若不用src指定拷贝的文件，必须用content直接指定文件内容，2选一。 

force：   当远程主机的目标路径中已经存在同名文件，并且与ansible主机中的文件内容不同时，
          是否强制覆盖，可选值有yes和no。默认值为yes，表示覆盖，
          如果设置为no，则不会执行覆盖拷贝操作，远程主机中的文件保持不变。
          
backup：  当远程主机的目标路径中已经存在同名文件，并且与ansible主机中的文件内容不同时，
          是否对远程主机的文件进行备份，
          可选值有yes和no，当设置为yes时，会先备份远程主机中的文件，
          然后再将ansible主机中的文件拷贝到远程主机。
</code></pre>
<p>   命令行 示例</p>
<pre><code>   ansible khweb  -m copy -a &quot;src=/home/soft/node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz  dest=/home/soft/  backup=yes mode=644&quot;
</code></pre>
<p>   playbook 示例</p>
<pre><code>   - name: Copy a file from local to remote
     copy:
      src: /path/to/local/file.txt
      dest: /path/to/remote/file.txt
      
      
   - name: &quot;copy files&quot;
         copy:
         src: &quot;&#123;&#123; item.src &#125;&#125;&quot;
         dest: &quot;&#123;&#123; item.dest &#125;&#125;&quot;
         owner: root
         group: root
         mode: 755
         with_items:
            - &#123;src: &quot;/root/aaa.txt&quot;, dest: &quot;/tmp&quot; &#125;
            - &#123;src: &quot;/root/bbb.txt&quot;, dest: &quot;/tmp&quot; &#125;
</code></pre>
<h3 id="setup模块"><a href="#setup模块" class="headerlink" title="setup模块"></a>setup模块</h3><h3 id="file模块"><a href="#file模块" class="headerlink" title="file模块"></a>file模块</h3><h3 id="debug模块"><a href="#debug模块" class="headerlink" title="debug模块"></a>debug模块</h3><h3 id="yum模块"><a href="#yum模块" class="headerlink" title="yum模块"></a>yum模块</h3><h3 id="user模块"><a href="#user模块" class="headerlink" title="user模块"></a>user模块</h3><h3 id="register模块"><a href="#register模块" class="headerlink" title="register模块"></a>register模块</h3><p> register 捕获 task 的输出，并将它保存到一个变量中，方便在以后的任务中调用</p>
<p> change： 表示执行命令的状态，如果命令执行了，则为 true；</p>
<p> cmd： 表示的则是你当前执行的命令；</p>
<p> delta： 表示命令执行所花费的时间</p>
<p> start： 表示命令开始执行的时间</p>
<p> end： 表示命令结束的时间</p>
<p> failed： 表示命令执行的结果，如果为 false 则表示命令执行成功，true 则表示命令执行失败</p>
<p> rc： 表示命令执行的返回码（return code），0 表示执行成功；</p>
<p> stderr：命令输出的标准错误信息</p>
<p> stderr_lines： 按换行符分割输出的内容，在多行输出时，显示的效果比 stderr 更加直观</p>
<p> stdout： 命令的标准输出信息</p>
<p> stdout_lines： 按换行符分割输出的内容，在多行输出时，结果更加直观    </p>
<pre><code>示例：
- name: View the logged in user name
  shell: whoami
  register: user
- debug:
    var: user  
     
- name: check nginx running
   stat: path=/var/run/nginx.pid
   register: nginxrunning   
- name: check nginx syntax
  shell: /usr/sbin/nginx -t
  register: nginxsyntax
# check_mode  true  -C测试 会跳过
  check_mode: false
  debug:
    var: &quot;nginxsyntax,nginxrunning&quot;
- name: reload nginx server
  service: name=nginx state=reloaded
  when: nginxsyntax.rc == 0  and nginxrunning.stat.exists == true   
    
    
</code></pre>
<h2 id="when模块"><a href="#when模块" class="headerlink" title="when模块"></a>when模块</h2><h2 id="debug与when连用"><a href="#debug与when连用" class="headerlink" title="debug与when连用"></a>debug与when连用</h2><h2 id="剧本（Playbooks）"><a href="#剧本（Playbooks）" class="headerlink" title="剧本（Playbooks）"></a>剧本（Playbooks）</h2><pre><code>Playbook可以运行多个任务，并提供一些更高级的功能。
让我们将上述任务移到一本剧本中。在ansible中剧本（playbooks）和角色（roles）都使用Yaml文件定义
</code></pre>
<h3 id="常用标签"><a href="#常用标签" class="headerlink" title="常用标签"></a>常用标签</h3><pre><code>gather_facts: no
只要是使用了ansible-playbook，默认情况，第 1 个步骤总是执行 Gathering Facts 这个TASK 
这个主要收集目标主机的常用信息，如：主机名、内核版本、网卡接口、IP 地址、操作系统版本、CPU、内存、磁盘 等等

tag标签可以单独使用
#启动nginx
    - name: start nginx server
      service: name=nginx state=started
      when: 
        - nginxsyntax.rc == 0
        - nginxrunning.stat.exists == false
      tags: updateconfig
      
 ansible-playbook -i hosts site.yml -t updateconfig     
      
通过debug模块去确认返回结果的数据结构   
- name: print nginx syntax result
  debug: var=nginxsyntax   
</code></pre>
<h3 id="定义变量-循环示例"><a href="#定义变量-循环示例" class="headerlink" title="定义变量 循环示例"></a>定义变量 循环示例</h3><pre><code> vars:
    createuser:
      - tomcat
      - www
      - mysql
      
  tasks:
   #利用循环创建多个用户
    - name: create user
      user: name=&#123;&#123;item&#125;&#125; state=present
      with_items: &quot;&#123;&#123;createuser&#125;&#125;&quot;
</code></pre>

      
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